{"id":1,"date":"2026-06-05T02:06:49","date_gmt":"2026-06-05T01:06:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hayat.dk\/en\/?p=1"},"modified":"2026-06-05T14:37:40","modified_gmt":"2026-06-05T12:37:40","slug":"protein-found-in-moss-may-have-helped-plants-thrive-on-land","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.hayat.dk\/en\/protein-found-in-moss-may-have-helped-plants-thrive-on-land\/1\/","title":{"rendered":"Protein found in moss may have helped plants thrive on land"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>A newly discovered protein found in moss may help explain how plants first developed the ability to grow in complex forms, a breakthrough that eventually transformed Earth&#8217;s landscapes and made life on land possible, researchers say.<\/p>\n<p>Scientists at the University of Copenhagen have identified a previously unknown protein called RAK1, which appears to play a crucial role in allowing plant cells to divide and grow in three dimensions. The ability to grow upwards and outwards is considered one of the most important developments in plant evolution.<\/p>\n<p>Researchers say that without this evolutionary step, the world would look dramatically different today. Trees, flowering plants and other complex vegetation would never have emerged, with far-reaching consequences for the development of animals and, ultimately, humans.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><strong>Moss as an ideal model system<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Mosses represent some of the earliest land plants on Earth and are thought to have evolved from algae-like ancestors that originally lived in water.<\/li>\n<li>Moss is widely used in research to study plant development because of its relatively simple organization and evolutionary position as the first type of land plant.<\/li>\n<li>In this study, the researchers used the model moss Physcomitrium patens, one of the most well-studied moss species.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>Around 470 million years ago, the ancestors of modern land plants made the transition from aquatic environments to life on land. Before then, plant-like organisms grew mainly in flat, two-dimensional structures. Their ability to expand in multiple directions enabled the development of larger and more complex forms.<\/p>\n<p>The team believes the newly identified protein may have been involved in that transition.<\/p>\n<p>According to the researchers, RAK1 appears to have evolved through the fusion of two pre-existing proteins into a single molecule. Although the timing of this event remains unclear, scientists suggest it may have provided an important advantage to early land plants.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;We have identified a protein that has never been seen before and that has very special properties,&#8221; said Eleazar Rodriguez, Associate Professor of Functional Genomics at the University of Copenhagen&#8217;s Department of Biology.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;It helps us gain a better understanding of how land plants function.&#8221;<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><strong>Difference between two-dimensional and three-dimensional growth<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Moss can grow in flat structures made up of thread-like filaments, characteristic of two-dimensional growth. In this stage, cells divide in two directions, allowing the moss to spread across the surface.<\/li>\n<li>When cells switch to three-dimensional growth, they begin to divide in multiple directions and form buds. These give rise to more complex structures, enabling the moss to grow upwards and form more complex organs such as leaves.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>The researchers say the growth of modern trees and plants still relies on biological mechanisms that first emerged during the earliest stages of plant evolution. These include the way cells divide, how they generate energy and how proteins are regulated within cells.<\/p>\n<p>The new study sheds light on these ancient processes and their role in the development of complex plant structures.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;Without the ability to grow in three dimensions, the landscape would look very different,&#8221; said Thomas Juel Ammits\u00f8e, a postdoctoral researcher and co-first author of the study.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;We would not see trees and shrubs grow the way they do today. Life on land would likely have remained much more limited.&#8221;<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_70\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-70\" style=\"width: 840px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hayat.dk\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/protein-found-in-moss-may-have-helped-plants-thrive-on-land_03.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"840\" height=\"840\" class=\"size-full wp-image-70\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hayat.dk\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/protein-found-in-moss-may-have-helped-plants-thrive-on-land_03.jpg 840w, https:\/\/www.hayat.dk\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/protein-found-in-moss-may-have-helped-plants-thrive-on-land_03-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.hayat.dk\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/protein-found-in-moss-may-have-helped-plants-thrive-on-land_03-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.hayat.dk\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/protein-found-in-moss-may-have-helped-plants-thrive-on-land_03-768x768.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 840px) 100vw, 840px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-70\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Picture of the moss used in the study.<br \/>(Photo: Cloe De Luxan Hernandez \/ University of Copenhagen)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3>Protein removed from moss<\/h3>\n<p>The team identified RAK1 in a species of moss, among the earliest groups of plants to establish themselves on land.<\/p>\n<p>The protein combines the functions of two previously known protein types: a kinase, which helps transmit signals within cells, and an acetyltransferase, which is involved in regulating cellular processes.<\/p>\n<p>Researchers found that RAK1 influences energy metabolism within moss cells, enabling them to divide in multiple directions and form buds and shoots.<\/p>\n<p>To investigate its role, scientists compared moss plants containing the protein with genetically modified moss in which RAK1 had been removed.<\/p>\n<p>The differences were striking.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;We observed that cells in the moss lacking RAK1 did not divide properly and formed defective buds,&#8221; said assistant professor Cloe De Luxan Hernandez, another co-first author of the study.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;This shows that RAK1 may have been crucial for enabling the moss to grow efficiently.&#8221;<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><strong>How the researchers studied RAK1<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The researchers identified a protein, RAK1, which is a fusion between a signaling protein (kinase) and an acetyl transferase.<\/li>\n<li>They then compared moss with and without RAK1.<\/li>\n<li>They found that moss lacking RAK1 was unable to divide effectively in multiple dimensions.<\/li>\n<li>In contrast, the presence of RAK1 enabled cells to respond to signals and develop properly into three-dimensional structures.<\/li>\n<li>RAK1 acts as a link between cellular signaling and intracellular chemical regulation, enabling cells to transition to three-dimensional growth.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/blockquote>\n<figure id=\"attachment_69\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-69\" style=\"width: 1237px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hayat.dk\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/protein-found-in-moss-may-have-helped-plants-thrive-on-land_02.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1237\" height=\"840\" class=\"size-full wp-image-69\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hayat.dk\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/protein-found-in-moss-may-have-helped-plants-thrive-on-land_02.jpg 1237w, https:\/\/www.hayat.dk\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/protein-found-in-moss-may-have-helped-plants-thrive-on-land_02-300x204.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.hayat.dk\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/protein-found-in-moss-may-have-helped-plants-thrive-on-land_02-1024x695.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.hayat.dk\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/protein-found-in-moss-may-have-helped-plants-thrive-on-land_02-768x522.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1237px) 100vw, 1237px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-69\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Images of moss during three-dimensional growth. Left: abnormal bud development in when RAK1 is not present. Right: normal bud formation.<br \/>(Photos: Laura Moody \/ University of Copenhagen)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3>More than gene regulation<\/h3>\n<p>Previous explanations for the emergence of three-dimensional growth in moss have focused largely on gene regulation \u2013 the process by which genes are switched on and off at specific times.<\/p>\n<p>The new findings suggest that gene regulation alone may not fully explain the evolutionary shift.<\/p>\n<p>Instead, the researchers argue that precise control of cellular metabolism is also essential. RAK1 appears to help coordinate the metabolic conditions required for stem cells to divide correctly and produce new plant structures.<\/p>\n<p>The discovery also highlights how evolution can generate new biological functions by combining existing components rather than creating entirely new ones.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;Our findings suggest that the transition from flat to three-dimensional plant growth depends not only on gene regulation, but also on precise metabolic control during stem cell division and bud formation,&#8221; said Prof Rodriguez.<\/p>\n<p>The researchers say the study provides new insights not only into the evolution of mosses but also into the fundamental biological processes that govern growth in living organisms.<\/p>\n<p>They note that, much like human stem cells, moss stem cells rely on tightly regulated metabolism as they grow and divide.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;Our findings suggest that RAK1 is part of this regulatory system,&#8221; Prof Rodriguez said.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><strong>About the study<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The results are published in the journal New Phytologist, which focuses on plant science research.<\/li>\n<li>A total of 18 researchers contributed to the study.<\/li>\n<li>The study was conducted as part of a broader international collaborative effort involving researchers from Austria, England, Germany and Japan.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/blockquote>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Researchers have discovered a previously unknown protein in moss that may have helped plants develop three-dimensional growth, enabling their transition from water to land.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":68,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":{"format":"standard","override":[{"template":"3","parallax":"1","fullscreen":"1","layout":"no-sidebar-narrow","sidebar":"default-sidebar","second_sidebar":"default-sidebar","sticky_sidebar":"1","share_position":"hide","share_float_style":"share-monocrhome","show_share_counter":"1","show_view_counter":"1","show_featured":"1","show_post_meta":"1","show_post_author":"1","show_post_author_image":"1","show_post_date":"1","post_date_format":"custom","post_date_format_custom":"j. F Y - H:i","show_post_category":"1","show_post_reading_time":"0","post_reading_time_wpm":"300","post_calculate_word_method":"str_word_count","show_zoom_button":"0","zoom_button_out_step":"2","zoom_button_in_step":"3","show_post_tag":"1","number_popup_post":"1","show_author_box":"0","show_post_related":"0","show_inline_post_related":"0"}],"image_override":[{"single_post_thumbnail_size":"no-crop","single_post_gallery_size":"crop-715"}],"trending_post_position":"meta","trending_post_label":"Trending","sponsored_post_label":"Sponsored by","disable_ad":"0","subtitle":"Researchers have discovered a previously unknown protein in moss that may have helped plants develop three-dimensional growth, enabling their transition from water to land."},"jnews_primary_category":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[3,33],"class_list":["post-1","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-science","tag-eleazar-rodriguez","tag-university-of-copenhagen"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.7 - 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